Public Health Measures and Black Communities in Canada: Understanding Barriers and Facilitators During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
Background: Public health measures like mask-wearing, disinfection, sanitization, social distancing, and handwashing were among the first guidelines introduced in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Black communities in Canada were among those who experienced disproportionately high rates of infection, hospitalization, and mortality during the pandemic.
Objective: This study explored the factors that promoted and hindered the uptake of mask-wearing, disinfection and sanitization, handwashing, and social distancing among Black communities in Canada during COVID-19.
Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 130 individuals and four focus group discussions via Zoom.
Results: The results showed that uptake of public health measures was primarily influenced by physical opportunity, psychological capability, and automatic motivation. Barriers to handwashing included product design issues and the cost of soap, while access to natural, high-quality products supported engagement. Mask use was hindered by discomfort but was encouraged by improvements in mask design. Sanitizing and disinfecting practices were limited by product design and unpleasant odours, whereas eco-friendly and moisturizing alternatives facilitated use. Finally, social distancing challenges included the need for social interaction and dependence on public transportation.
Conclusions: These findings highlight opportunities to strengthen pandemic preparedness through proactive strategies that address barriers to maintaining protective behaviours across diverse communities.